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Blocked, Latency ??

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K5RA
Blocked, Latency ??
Our tunnel mesh island seems to be working, but I am trying to understand the RF parts of our 
local mesh network.  
Our local mesh has five “hub” nodes.  Our hubs are collections of hardware within about a 3-mi 
radius on tall buildings or water towers – each with one omni antenna or three sector antennas 
with Rocket radios - supporting maybe ten total active user nodes.  This morning, one directional 
node of one of the hubs had eleven Current Neighbors in Mesh Status: six show RF but none is 
connected (one is blocked due to dtd with a co-located hub sector node, five are blocked due 
to signal or latency), four nodes show (tunnel, active) status, and one shows 
(dtd, active) status.   
One of the blocked RF links is to distant hub.  The Mesh Status display for this pair of nodes 
shows no LQ, no NLQ, and no Distance, but Quality = 29%.  The SNR shows 30 dB and the physical 
distance between these two hubs is 1.2 miles (per Google Maps).  The status shows 
(blocked, latency).  
What could be keeping these two hub nodes from communicating?  How can there be a latency 
issue with two nodes that are about 6 microseconds apart?
Is this an artifact of 3.24.4.0?

Vy 73, 
Tim K5RA
w6bi
w6bi's picture
Latency
in an RF circuit excess latency comes from excess retries.    The Quality isn't very good, which supports that.   If too many nodes are on the same channel that will contribute to the issue.

Hope this helps.

Orv W6BI
K5RA
Latency vs Retries?

Orv -
Thanks for the prompt reply.
The AREDN docs on Mesh Status Display indicate that there is a distinct status for (blocked, retries).  Can too many retries also generate (blocked, latency)? How to troubleshoot a system if the indicators are misleading?
Here is an example closer to home.  I have two Rocket radios, one at 77 ft with an omni antenna, the other about 15 ft AGL inside a building with a sector antenna looking out a window.  When I could access it, the radio with the omni has never shown much connectivity - maybe 4-5 stations.  The Mesh Status display of the radio inside sees the radio outside with an SNR of 34.   The inside Mesh Status display shows no LQ, no NLQ, no distance, and the Quality is 0%.  The two nodes are less than 200 ft apart. The status report is (blocked, latency).
The outside radio has an SNR of 19 and a Quality of 22%  in a hub node about 6.3 miles away.

Thanks.
-Tim K5RA
 
nc8q
nc8q's picture
omni antenna|supporting maybe ten total active user nodes
Hi, Tim:
I read your post and cringed when I read "omni antenna".
Then, again, when I read about an single hub node with "ten total active user nodes".
Then, again, when I read about
"one directional node of one of the hubs had eleven Current Neighbors in Mesh Status".

Did I read that correctly?
There is a channel with 12 active nodes?

"What could be keeping these two hub nodes from communicating?"
Too many stations on the same channel.
"How can there be a latency issue with two nodes that are about 6 microseconds apart?"
If there are 12 stations on the same channel, there may be latency.
If there are hidden nodes, there may be interference and lost packets...begetting retries.
If there are exposed nodes, others may send retries.
If the channel is busy a node will not transmit.
If the other end is expectng an ACK and a node waits to transmit, a time lapse occurs.
If enough time lapses, there is latency, if there is latency...there may be retries.

73, Chuck

K5RA
Hub Node of Interest - No rf Connections
Chuck – 
Thank you for the inputs.  
Since I have seen this discussion before in AREDN Forum, I would like to define two nodes 
as being “connected” when the Mesh Status shows link status of (tunnel, active), (dtd, active), 
or (rf, active).  If a node is listed in Mesh Status, I will say that the reporting node can 
“see” it, but is not necessarily connected.  
I estimated ten “active users” (other than the hub stations) by exploring Mesh Status of as 
many nodes as I can access, and noting unique call signs and unique mesh IP addresses that 
each node can see.  It does not mean that the hub node of interest can see ten stations on rf.   
Its Mesh Status shows SNRs down to single digits.  I understand there could be hidden nodes, 
but I think we do not have that many active AREDN nodes in the area.  Topography and 
vegetation make good rf connections difficult.  
As of a few minutes ago this morning, our hub node of interest Current Neighbors list 
had twelve entries. Four connections were tunnels and one was a duplicate (rf and dtd).  
Three are IPv4 addresses only (rf, blocked signal).  A hub node one mile away has 
29 dB SNR.  A collocated hub node shows 23/26 dB SNR.  Other rf connections show SNRs 
of 18, 13, 10, 9 dB, and one SNR has no entry.  

This hub node has zero RF connections.  Is it overwhelmed with rf signals?  What is 
your belief of the maximum number of rf signals that can co-exist on an AREDN channel?
Thanks in advance.
 --Tim K5RA
nc8q
nc8q's picture
our hub node of interest Current Neighbors list
Hi, Tim:
Perhaps, in ad hoc mode, nodes are never 'connected'...like when AX.25 are connected.
Nodes are kinda aware of neighbors.

"I understand there could be hidden nodes,
but I think we do not have that many active AREDN nodes in the area."
It only takes 2 nodes to have a a hidden node. :-|
It takes a few as 3 nodes for a hidden node issue to cause communication to seriously degrade.

I see already replied about:
"our hub node of interest" and " duplicate (rf and dtd)"
Co-located and DtD'ed nodes are fine, but is this 2 co-located nodes on the same channel? !!!
I am beings facetious, but how can 2 co-located nodes on the same channel not be exposed?
How can there not be hidden nodes among them.
Perhaps, I do not understand your network.

You mentioned of 'our hub node of interest' seeing other nodes of SNRs, 29, 23/26, 18,13, 10, 9, and another with no entry.
That seems to be 8 nodes on the same RF channel!
Is that correct? This was planned?

73, Chuck

 
K6CCC
K6CCC's picture
You have not mentioned what
You have not mentioned what band you are using.  Please do.
Can you provide a simple drawing that shows your hub locations with what radios / antennas (direction pointed if directional), and channel / BW.  Also some idea how many end user stations are expected to be attempting to access each of the hub stations.
I'm with the other guys that you have created a massively congested network and are seeing the issues from hidden nodes. retries, etc.
 
K7EOK
one was a duplicate (rf and
one was a duplicate (rf and dtd)

RED FLAG.  You do one or the other.  That can cause route flapping and crash all the OSLR tables.

The same thing happens when there is a tunnel AND an rf connection competing for the same traffic to one station.

Only one connection between two devices.  Same issue in the standard networking world if you connect two switches to each other twice.

Ed

K5RA
Network Layout
Thanks to all for the inputs. 
I spent about two hours preparing an answer to some of the comments. I have a lot more questions.  But I am 
unable to transfer a Word doc or a .txt file into this Forum system.

I am going to try to attach the graphic, but who knows if that will work.

--Tim K5RA

File Attachment: 
K6CCC
K6CCC's picture
Your PDF came through just
Your PDF came through just fine..  If I read that right, the two locations marked "A" are each using three sectors, and the two marked "B" and the one marked "C" are using omni antennas.  What channel are each of the nine radios operating on?
 
K5RA
Questions and Answers
Jim -
Glad to hear the attachment worked. 
Here is yesterday's work as txt file attachment.  The mesh is on 2.4 GHz, Ch -2, 5 MHz. 
--Tim K5RA
 
File Attachment: 
nc8q
nc8q's picture
Nice map.
Hi, Tim:

Nice map.
Thank you.
It explains much.
Reply to your .txt attached.

Our local network at 2 and 5 GHz attached.

73, Chuck
 
Image Attachments: 
K5RA
Thanks
Thanks to all for the inputs and guidance you have provided. 
Chuck – I am especially grateful for your providing the historical perspectives
about the development of your network.  Lots of good information there.
We obviously need a lot of work to get our mesh running right.
-Tim K5RA
K6CCC
K6CCC's picture
If I understand what you said
If I understand what you said in the txt file attachment, you are operating entirely on channel -2.  Having three sectors at the same site on the same channel is not going work worth a darn.  Having the entire network on one channel guarantees that you will have huge hidden node issues.  Highly recommend that you primarily move to 5 GHz.  Use separate channels for each sector.  And best to have dedicated links between your hubs - if you can get the equipment, use 3 GHz for that so you are not adding another 5 GHz. channel in use at the hub sites.  If you can't et the 3 GHz radios, use a dedicated 5 GHz radio for linking.  The sites that are omni should all be on separate channels from anything else.  The three (or four if linking on 5 GHz) channels at a given site need to be spaced apart by several channels (someone else can give you a better idea of how far apart).
 
w6bi
w6bi's picture
Channel spacing
I'm told the OFDM modulation that 802.11 uses is quite clean; very little out-of-channel energy.  Joe AE6XE, the AREDN RF guru has said that a single vacant channel between nodes is plenty.

Orv W6BI
ko0ooo
ko0ooo's picture
math...
 Math was never my strong suit...

when doing a 20 MHZ BW channel scan, the highest channel used around here is Cox Communications on channel 165, so they'd be using 163 164 165 166 167 ?

Using a one channel buffer, the following would be recommend as an ideal channel plan for 10 MHZ BW ?

184 183 182     channel 183
181                   buffer
180 179 178    channel 179 
177                  buffer
176 175 174    channel 175
173                  buffer
172 171 170    channel 171
169                  buffer
168                  buffer

Richard    ko0ooo
nc8q
nc8q's picture
Channel buffer
IMHO, a 'channel buffer' is does not reduce interference.
Channel overlap may cause interference.

73, Chuck

 
nc8q
nc8q's picture
channel 165, so they'd be using 163 164 165 166 167 ?
I think...

A 20 MHz bandwidth Wi-Fi 802.11gn signal on channel 165 would be using
the upper half of channel 163,
all of channel 164, 165, 166, and
the lower half of channel 167.

A 20 MHz bandwidth AREDN signal on channel 169 would be using
the upper half of channel 167,
all of channel 168, 169, 170, and
the lower half of channel 171.

73, Chuck

 
nc8q
nc8q's picture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFvsmS5vuc8
At 35:38.
Joe also says:
"Another thing to look at is that often times it comes up with what about adjacent channels,
signals on an adjacent channel, the signal spectrum of twenty megahertz signal...
These align right on top of one another side by side in the channels and are designed so
that to work and to be optimal and
you shouldn't expect interference with two twenty MHz signals right next to each other."

In my testing I have found this to be true.
I have operated multiple co-located 5 GHz nodes at 20 Megahertz bandwidth
on adjacent channels without detectable interference.
 
73, Chuck
 
K7EOK
You use a channel and skip
You use a channel and skip one ... so you could use 170, 172, 174, 176 ...

The lower shared channel numbers are no problem.  You only need to avoid other devices that have strong signal strength and if you see the SSID of other users and choose to avoid as a courtesy, that is fine.  For example, when choosing a channel at a hospital that lets us be on their roof I avoid the channels I see they are running their wifi on ... don't bite the hand that gave you roof access!

If another user has low signal on 140, that does not mean totally avoid 139-141 ... this stuff coexists pretty well.  A lot of the signals you see on lower frequencies are home wifi routers and your SSID won't be picked up on them and you can't overcome their signal strength from the viewpoint of inside their house ... unless it is super strong signal as seen by your device and they are your next door neighbor.  The worst that would happen is degredation of link quality and speed if you park a 150 right next to another 150.

Ed
 
K7EOK
My previous comments were
My previous comments were based on all AREDN nodes being 5ghz and 10Mhz wide which is the convention here.  We don't do 20 wide on any AREDN, only use the 20 wide setting to do a wifi scan if we want to pick up all the part 15 crap floating around.

Ed
 

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